It is well-known that in the present the competitive advantage of an economy it is not based only on products or services, natural resources or geographic particularities. The competitive advantage it is obtained today through innovation and the extensive utilization of knowledges. For this reason the present paper presents the results of an evaluation of the Romanian economy from the perspective of the knowledge based economy. The conclusion of the evalutation is that the Romanian economy it is still under the effect of the industrial and agricultural era which promotes products and services which are not very competitive on the international and even on the national market and because of this it is necessary the stimulation of the development of the knowledge based industries and the elimination of the gaps between Romania and the other European countries.