Romania has determinant factors (climate, soil quality, local conditions) favouring quality wines, which gives it an important wine potential. The objective of this paper is to study the effects of the management of the production factors on the performance of the Romanian wine sector. The results of the study show that labor productivity and efficient management of technical capital elements have positively influenced the economic performance of Romanian vineyards, but the financing modality (debts level) has negatively influenced. The policies recommended in the study to increase the economic performance in Romania viticulture refer to an efficient management of the production factors to increase their efficiency, and utilization of an adequate financing.